Study material for 5th sem Unit 1 topic 1st

Unit=01 SECONDARY EDUCATION

Meaning of Secondary Education: 

What is the duration of secondary education is a controversial issue & has been defined differently by different educationists from their own point of view.

1st view: Classes vi to viii come under secondary education.

2nd view: classes ix & x comes under high secondary stage.

3rd view: Classes xi & xi come under higher secondary stage.

Secondary Education in ordinary sense means that 

education whichoccupies the second stage in the educational pyramid. At present it is a four year course comprising of class 9th. to class 12th.  

According to National Policy on Education1986:secondary education should include 2 years of high school and 2 years of senior secondary school.

According to Secondary Education commission (1952-53) Secondary Education covers the age group of 11to 17 years & divided the secondary education in two parts (i) Lower secondary stage (viii-x) (ii) Higher secondary stage (xi-xii).

According to Indian Education commission: Secondary Education should begin after seven years of primary education & duration is 4 or 5 years after primary education.They also divided secondary education like as Secondary Education commission did.

Thus from the above we can say that Secondary Education acts bridge between Elementary Education & Higher Education  & education which is imparted after the completion of elementary education & before the higher education is called secondary education.

Objectives: We can highlight the objectives of secondary education as under: 

a. Development of Democratic Citizenship: Citizenship in a democracy is a very exciting and challenging responsibility for which every citizen has to be trained. Democracy can be successful only if the citizens are conscious of their rights and duties. It indicates the 

development of intellectual, moral and social qualities which cannot grow of their own accord. In a democratic social order, the individual must exercise his or her own independent judgment in all kinds of complicated social, economic and political issues.

 b. Improvement of vocational efficiency: The secondary education has stressed upon the need of making technical and vocational efficiency as the main objective. Students should be taught to appreciate the dignity of work and to realize that prosperity and self fulfillment is possible only through work.

c. Development of personality: According to secondary 

education commission, secondary education must help our students to realize the sources of creative energy so that they must be able to appreciate their cultural heritage and give a place of honor to the subjects like art, craft, music, dancing and the development of habits. 

d. Education for leadership:According to secondary education ,commission, secondary education should not be a preparation for university education only but should discharge their duties 

efficiently. Hence secondary education should aim at training the students to assume the responsibility of leadership in social, Political, cultural and industrial fields.



AIMS & OBJECTIVES ACCORDING TO KOTHARI COMMISSION (1964-66):

i)Increase in productivity 

ii) Social and national integration

 iii) Accelerating the process of Modernization 

iv) Inculcation of social, moral and spiritual values.

Objectives of Secondary education according to National policy of education (NPE1986):

i) Development of social & Secularism.

ii) Allround development of personality.

iii) Diversification of courses.

Besides above giving objectives some important objectives given by different committees are Acquisition of skills, Self-learning, Broad-based general education, Vocationalisation etc.